A Spot of Bother - Mark Haddon - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 689 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/26 Category Literature Essay Type Book review Did you like this example? A Spot Of Bother Review Mark Haddon A Spot Of Bother jumped onto the book scene thanks to Mark Haddon in 2006. Its his second book after the hugely popular â€Å"A Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night† so he had a lot to live up to. The book its self is a great read with an open style of writing that makes it really easy to read. The story is fictional comedy. It is written in 3rd person so we see into all of the characters lives so we get a good sense of how they feel and what they get up to, which makes us as a reader feel involved in the book. The story is set around the city of Peterborough but we are unsure of the time, because Haddon uses the likes of videos instead of DVDs â€Å"George was propped up in bed watching videos† and the characters seldom use their mobile phones so the story could be based anywhere between the 1980s up un until now. The lack of use of mobile phones makes the story more interesting because the characters wouldn’t end up running all over the place trying to catch up with people, which certainly add to the comedy/entertainment aspect of the book. Things are going well in George Hall’s life. He has just retired in the lovely English city of Peterborough. His children aren’t his responsibility anymore and his wife seems to be loving, and caring Everything was perfect until he spots a growth called a lesion on his hip whilst on a shopping trip. George then jumping to conclusions decides he must have cancer, and even after his doctor tells him its eczema, he realizes there can only be one solution: He would have to kill himself. He says nothing about it to his wife Jean, herself a little annoyed that Georges retirement makes it more difficult to carry on her affair with Georges former colleague, David. George and Jeans daughter Katie, meanwhile, has just announced shes getting married to Ray, of whom everyone in the family disapproves, apart from the couple. Meanwhile we have Jami e, the homosexual brother of Katie. Jamie looses his boyfriend Tony after a series of rows about weather Tony would be allowed to come to the wedding because George and Jean don’t seem to approve, much to Jamie’s dismay. Later on in the book we find out that Ray grows concerned that Katie only loves him for his house and his ability to be a good father to her son Jacob. Katie wonders if he might be right. With all the commotion going on George silently becomes increasingly worried about the â€Å"cancer† on his hip and slowly goes insane, all this was made worse after he found Jean in bed with David (former work colleague). Overwhelmed by a fear of dying, he tries to cut off the lesion with a pair of scissors and just about bleeds to death in his cellar/ garage in Jamie and Katie’s old paddling pool†¦ The book is a great read and will have you chuckling away in places and at other times its serious because of the real life situations that are t aking place in the book, but what’s surprising about the book is that its rather unsurprising its one of those typical books that works out okay in the end but I loved it because Haddon takes us on a journey in the book and we really get into it. In the end we know everything will be alright, in a way this comforts us as a reader to know that everything will be okay, because that’s who we are, we want things to be normal. That’s what I like about it; you get all the twists and turns you expect in a book along with a comforting ending. The book also has the type of things you would expect from a normal family of our time the cheating the lies the arguments, things we can relate to. So I would give Haddon an 8/10 for this book Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Spot of Bother Mark Haddon" essay for you Create order

The Effects Of Fossil Fuels On The United States - 1926 Words

In the United States, a sustainable society is desired by virtually every citizen, especially the ones informed of the consequences caused by our wanton use of fossil fuels and the detrimental methods used to extract them from the earth. Nevertheless, despite almost universal acceptance of the need to turn away from nonrenewable and polluting energy sources, there are forces preventing that switch. One of those forces is the megalith that is our current energy paradigm, or the existing energy production/consumption infrastructure that we’ve built which runs largely on nonrenewable resources. Yet, as daunting as a transition to a world run on renewable energies like solar, an energy source with significant growth-potential, may seem from a technological and logistical standpoint, it is eminently feasible. The most problematic hurdle the United States faces is, in truth, political stagnation. While intense lobbying efforts from the fossil fuel industry and public utilities donâ €™t help, the gridlock caused by the inherent framework of the U.S. political system is principally to blame for governmental malaise when it comes to investing in green technology. However, with increasing concerns over environmental degradation and impending climate change, progress has been made. The U.S. Department of Energy (USDE) has appointed 25 cities across the country to be part of its â€Å"Solar America City† initiative, including Philadelphia. Philadelphia, which aims to become the leading city inShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Fossil Fuels On The United States2566 Words   |  11 PagesAdministration, the United States consumed a staggering 6.89 billion barrels of oil (U.S.EIA). Which in fact, equates to 18.89 million barrels being consumed every single day. That is a vast amount of petroleum products being consumed on a daily national level. If the calculation is made, based on a barrel equaling forty two gallons, it would come out to 289,583,700,000 gallon s per year, or 793,380,000 gallons per day. The amount is incredible, almost unbelievable. If the United States continues its useRead MoreUnited States Energy Crisis During 1970 Essay examples1271 Words   |  6 Pagesforeign fuel. According to Merriam Webster dictionary, a crisis is a â€Å"difficult or dangerous situation that needs serious attention.† The energy crisis of the 1970’s produced a backlash that affected much of the economy and spread fear and panic over the United States. 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Fossil fuels are critical to global energy infrastructure due to their inherent advantages and generate significant economic value as a result. However, the negative economic and environmental implications of fossil fuels demands a permanent transition towards alternative energy. The world will continue to investigate alternative energy sources and must commit to them to avoid long-term environmental degradation. Ultimately, fossil fuels are on the way out, butRead MoreViable Alternative Energy For Replace Fossil Fuels1724 Words   |  7 Pages Viable Alternative Energy to Replace Fossil Fuels Nauman Syed Zia University of Houston Nearly all of the United States production of energy comes from non-renewable sources, also known as fossil fuels. However, the problem with using fossil fuels to satisfy the United States ever-growing demand for power is that they are a limited resource and their production and usage cause a myriad of harmful environmental effects. 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After realizing the effect engineers come up with solar panel, an alternative to fossil fuel energy but less harmful for the environment and the pocket. Solar panels which uses renewable energy like the sun to light homes heat and produces electricity. Unlike fossil fuel solar panels are less harmful for the environment. From it creationRead MoreFossil Fuel Subsidy Reform :1504 Words   |  7 PagesFOSSIL-FUEL SUBSIDY REFORM Intro The US spent 699 billion dollars to subsidize the fossil-fuel sector in 2015. The removal of fossil-fuel subsidy will enormously benefit energy markets, strengthen climate change policy and government budgets. Not only do fossil-fuel subsidies undermine global efforts to mitigate climate change, but they also aggravate local pollution problems, causing further damage to human health and the environment. They represent a considerable strain on public budgets asRead MoreThe Effects Of Fossil Fuel Energy On The Environment And The Pocket987 Words   |  4 Pagesclimate changes and the effect of fossil fuel energy for not only being environmentally destructive, but also causing Global warming (the warming that occurs as a result of increase emissions of greenhouse gases) has become a very big issue worldwide. The fossil fuels (Oil, Coal, and Natural Gas) which is the main sources of the world’s energy sources, is also one of the main causes of the climate change. In addition with some human activities (e.g. through burning fossil fuels), they have contributedRead MoreFossil Fuels : The World s Primary Energy Source952 Words   |  4 PagesFossil fuels are currently the world s primary energy source. Fossil fuel includes coal, natural gas, and oil. In 2015, The United States consumed 97.7 billion btu of energy, 81% of that was from fossil fuels (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2016). Fossil fuel use will cause air and water pollution that will negatively affect all life on Earth. In 2012, it was estimated that air pollution caused 6.5 million deaths worldwide (WHO, 2016). These pollutants can worsen or cause respiratory and

The Failed Offensive Free Essays

The year 1961 saw the attempt of Cuban exiles to replace the Cuban government led by Fidel Castro, and it was on April 17 on the same year when aerial bombings were launched as an attack by a coalition backed by the United States against Cuba which later came to be known as the Bay of Pigs Invasion. Although the United States helped in the planning and in the funding of the invasion, it failed right after the night landing of the invasion was discovered which led to the defeat of the invasion just within three days. It is because of the immediate discovery and the reports about the invasion which practically enabled the Cuban government of Castro to frustrate the invasion and capture a large number of invaders. We will write a custom essay sample on The Failed Offensive or any similar topic only for you Order Now The consequence of the failed invasion is for Castro to start obtaining nuclear warheads from the Soviet government in the fear of another invasion backed by the United States, thereby leading to the Cuban Missile Crisis. History The history of the Bay of Pigs invasions stems before the time of the Kennedy administration. Miller and Miller observe that the strains between the relations of Cuba and America stems back from immigration issues. They observe that: As the number of immigrants increased, relations with Cuba began to deteriorate after 1959. In June 1960 U. S. oil refineries in Cuba refused to process Russian crude oil. The Cuban government retaliated by nationalizing the oil refineries. On July 5, 1960, the Cuban government nationalized all U. S. property in Cuba. In retaliation, the United States canceled Cuba’s sugar export quota. This action amounted to an economic sanction against Cuba (Miller and Miller, p. 53). In the following years, the tension between the two countries grew and the desire to free Cuba from the leadership of Castro intensified. Miller and miller notes: Attempts to free Cuba from Castro’s regime began under the Eisenhower administration, and under the Kennedy administration, U. S. -Cuban relations continued to deteriorate. Less than three months after becoming president, Kennedy authorized an invasion of Castro’s regime by Cuban exiles on April 17, 1961. Regrettably for the United States, the 1,500-man exile force was defeated in less than 72 hours. The invasion increased Castro’s political power and popularity. As William Goodwin, a White House advisor, stated: â€Å"It made him even more of a hero as the man who had defended Cuba against the greatest power in the world (Miller and Miller, p. 54). â€Å" Almost a year before the actual Bay of Pigs Invasion, the U. S. Central Intelligence Agency recommended to then-President Dwight Eisenhower a plan to equip Cuban exiles and use them for action against the newly established socialist Cuban government led by Fidel Castro. Since it was the policy of the American government to provide military, logistics and strategic assistance to guerilla forces fighting the government of Castro, the CIA pursued to train Cuban exiles for the mission. Among the first plans to be adopted for the invasion is to land the Cuban exiles near the city of Trinidad, Cuba since the site gave a handful of choices for the brigade of Cuban exiles to exploit at the height of the invasion in the coming days. At the least, the site gave the exiles the advantage of a beach landing and of returning to the mountains for a possible retreat as the necessity would arise. However, the progress of the plans to invade Cuba led to several changes such as the change in the landing spot for Brigade 2506 from Trinidad to the Bay of Pigs. As a result, contacts with the rebels situated in the Escambray Mountains were cut thereby reducing the military support the Cuban exiles needed. Further, senior KGB operatives Osvaldo Sanchez Cabrera and â€Å"Aragon† warned the Cuban government about the forthcoming invasion, thus giving Castro and his military men the time to anticipate and plan their counter moves against the U. S. -backed offensive. All these changes in the invasion plan under the helm of President Kennedy after seeking information to his advisors if the overthrow of Fidel Castro could be tied with weapon shipments. The Invasion The invasion could be divided into at least three actions: sea, air and land offensives. The invasion was initiated with three flights of B-2B bombers on the early hours of April 15, 1961. As aircrafts with the markings of the Cuban Fuerza Armada Revolucionaria (CRAF) flew over and bombarded the airfields of Antonio Maceo International Airport, San Antonio de los Banos and Ciudad Libertad, counter air attacks against the CRAF, named Operation Puma, were also formed. In the attempt to paralyze the air force of the Cuban government through the air attacks, the first air operations failed primarily because the air strikes were discontinued as opposed to what was original intended. There was a second attempt to foil the air force of the Cuban government by launching another air attack. However, the second plan was cancelled because President Kennedy hoped to make the operation look as if the Cuban exiles were the ones responsible in the attacks and not the U. S. government. By doing so, the American government can easily deny accusations of being held responsible for the operation. The cancellation of the air assaults on the air fields of Cuba largely contributed to the failure of the invasion and the deaths of many Cuban exiles. Almost two days after the failed air strikes, approximately 1,300 Cuban exiles landed at the Bay of Pigs situated at the Cuban southern coast. Armed with weapons provided by the American government, the exiles intended to proceed to Havana in the hopes of gaining local support. At first, the invaders were able to suppress the ground militia at the beach, forcing the Cuban forces to surrender. It was under the prerogative of President Kennedy to use air force to support ground troops but he never opted to do so. As a result, the armies of the government of Castro were able to stop the invading forces at the Bay of Pigs. Naval offenses also took a crucial role in the offensives, with the invader ship Blagar fighting off Cuban aircrafts and with the naval forces of Castro losing at least one ship, the P. C. Baire. The aftermath Although the exact number of deaths for the Cuban government is widely disputed, it can hardly be argued that the death toll went by the thousands. Interestingly, even though the casualties among the Cuban government were higher in contrast to the invading forces, the Castro government ended up gaining as much as $53 million worth of food and medicine in exchange for the lives of the captured exiles who were sentenced to thirty years in prison for treason. However, negotiations for the release of the captured exiles took almost twenty months which started from the demand of Castro for 500 large tractors to his demand of $28 million. In the end, 1,113 prisoners were released in exchange for $53 million worth of food and medicine; the funds were supposedly obtained from private donations. It was also reported that President Kennedy hesitated to back the ground forces of the Cuban exiles with further air strikes because Kennedy did not want a full scale war. In doing so, Kennedy effectively abandoned the Cuban exiles fighting on the ground against the forces of Fidel Castro. More importantly, the CIA believed that the invasion would lead to a spark in the sentiment of the people against the government of Castro thereby gaining the support of the Cubans with the offensive. In its entirety, Erich Weede observes that the failure of the invasion reinforced the ironies in the decisions and motives of the United States. Weede argues that: The Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961 was the most important case of vacillation and inconsistency: President John F. Kennedy would have liked to get rid of Fidel Castro and to replace him by a more friendly government, but he did not want to send in U. S. troops when Cuban exiles were not up to the task. The Bay of Pigs disaster only reinforced Castro’s hostility toward the United States (Weede, p. 136). Thus, one of the consequences of the failure in the Bay of Pigs is the increased hostility of Fidel Castro towards the United States, which also led to his forging an informal alliance with the Soviet Union, a nation which has been a firm opponent of America. The observation of Weede reinforces the idea that Kennedy was playing things safe, owing to the fact that Cuban exiles were the primary ‘tools’ in engaging the Cuban government into a hostile battle. Piero Gleijeses further notes that one of the causes of the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasions is the â€Å"miscommunication between the CIA and the White House† and that it would have been â€Å"politically costly for Kennedy to have aborted the operation† (Gleijeses, p. 2). He stresses the point that: The Bay of Pigs was approved because the CIA and the White House assumed they were speaking the same language when, in fact, they were speaking in utterly different tongues (Gleijeses, p. 2). Gleijeses’ observation indicates that the â€Å"miscommunication between the CIA and the White House (Gleijeses, p. 2)† contributed to the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion, stemming back to the discontinuation of the plans first determined prior to the attacks at the Bay. At the aftermath of the failed attempt to invade Cuba right from the Bay of Pigs, Lucien Vandenbroucke observed that Kennedy and his advisers â€Å"did not carefully weigh competing alternatives and then select the invasion of Cuba as the best policy† without taking into account the fact that â€Å"Castro had over 200,000 men in arms and the benefit of the Guatemalan precedent† (Vandenbroucke, p. 472). He further noted that: Carried out deftly enough to conceal the American hand, [the Bay of Pigs invasion] promised to deal with Castro while preserving the United State’s image. In short, then, the rational actor model suggests that the lack of other viable alternatives prompted the choice of the invasion, which appeared best in terms of a rational cost-benefit analysis (Vandenbroucken, p. 472). There is little or no disagreement over the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion which resulted to the increased tension between the United States and Cuban governments. As the tensions increased, Fidel Castro apparently looked for ways to strengthen his military capabilities and, thus, the military aid by the Soviet Union in terms of nuclear warheads was a tempting option to be easily discarded. The years that followed soon paved the way for the Cuban Missile Crisis which further smeared the capabilities of the Kennedy administration to handle tough situations which involve the security of the United States. Had the Bay of Pigs invasion been a success, there were promising chances for the American government to further launch successful offensives against the Castro government with the aid of the Cuban exiles (Dominguez, p. 20). Works Cited Dominguez, Jorge I. â€Å"Us-Cuban Relations in the 1980s: Issues and Policies. † Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 27. 1 (1985): 20. Gleijeses, Piero. â€Å"Ships in the Night: The Cia, the White House and the Bay of Pigs. † Journal of Latin American Studies 27. 1 (1995): 2. Miller, Willard E. , and Ruby M. Miller. â€Å"The U. S. Invasion of Cuba: The Bay of Pigs. † United States Immigration: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 1996. 53, 54. Vandenbroucke, Lucien S. â€Å"Anatomy of a Failure: The Decision to Land at the Bay of Pigs. † Political Science Quarterly 99. 3 (1984): 472. Weede, Erich. † Patterns of International Conflict During the Cold War and the Contemporary Challenge. † Economic Development, Social Order, and World Politics: With Special Emphasis on War, Freedom, the Rise and Decline of the West, and the Future of East Asia. Boulder, CO: Boulder Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1996. 136. How to cite The Failed Offensive, Papers

Organization for Economic Operation and Development

Question: Discuss about the Organization for Economic Operation and Development. Answer: Introduction Rental price control is the policy of the government fixing a cap on the rental price such that the house owners do not charge their tenants high price above the cap price. The government is mostly obliged to maintain a high standard of social welfare which is lost when there is a hike in housing prices (England, 2015). The reason why the government decides to impose a price cap on housing is because in the current period the economy has experienced rental and property prices hikes (Pettinger, 2013). The government is always scared of price hikes as they represent bubbles that eventually burst leaving the economy in a very bad situation. This paper will help in determining whether it is beneficial to impose a rental price cap or not. It will determine the winning party and the losing party; the parties involved are the tenants and their landlords. It will tell whether the landlords are more or less likely to observe the policy. Generally it can be argued that, the landlords would onl y observe the policy if it were beneficial to them; if its not, they are more likely to disregard it and engage in other black-market business which would be more profitable to them. The paper will provide the primary aim of imposing the cap and determine whether it is achieved. The price cap imposition is meant to increase the housing affordability. At very high prices, the lower income people cannot afford and this issue is a concern to the government. To create some equality, the price cap is imposed at an affordable price. Therefore, the cap is fixed below the current equilibrium point. Naturally, without the price cap, the premium areas are set only to people with a middle income and above (E.H, 2015). The lower income group are forced to move out many miles in order to find an affordable house. The free market equilibrium point is at price Pe and quantity demanded is Qe. This is the high price that the government is attempting to reduce through a price cap. Thus the cap is set at price Pc which is lower than Pe; it is the maximum rent to be charged for a rented property. At the lower price Pc, the affordability of households goes up creating an excess demand at the current supply level (McKernan, 2011). The excess demand is the extra demand beyond quantity Q1 which the suppliers are willing to supply at the lower price = (Q2 Q1). The cap results in the reduction of the landlords returns. Initially the returns to the landlord was equivalent to figure 0QeXPe; however, the new level of revenue is equivalent to figure 0Q1YPc. So this is a clear evident that the landlords are the losing party. Riley (2012) argued that these effects would cause a fall in the supply for rental houses causing the supply curve to shift up as indicated by the arrows. This is because some landlords wont be willing to continue supplying at the lower price and will thus exit the housing markets; (McKernan, 2011). This therefore means that a price cap cause shocks to the housing supply (Butler, 2016). Otherwise, the suppliers could exploit the consumers surplus by charging the tenants some additional costs by offering their houses at black-market rent (Pb). This rent is high and even above the initial equilibrium price, but the quantity supplied is still equal to the prices caps supply level as shown in the diagram. This possibility of the supplier exploiting the consumer surplus is undermining the effectiveness of a rental price cap. Owing to the problems associated with the price rental caps described above (i.e. shocking of supply and the charging of a higher black-market rent), the objective of the government to improve housing affordability is not achievable. The high black-market rent is even more troublesome than the current free market equilibrium price. The ineffectiveness of this policy is quoted by the statement by German Institute for Economic Research that Price capping treats the symptoms, not the disease, (Niewhner-Pape, 2014). It doesnt address the problem fully. The consumers who were intended to be the beneficially ends up being disadvantaged. The rent control may be useful in the short term but harmful in the long term since the shocking of supply would result in undersupply of rented houses. Since maintenance and upgrading of the houses may not fetch better returns for the landlords, the cap creates a disincentive for such improvement and the quality of houses deteriorates (OECD, 2010). Due to this deterioration, the tenants suffer external costs that are a negative externality from imposing the cap. Rent controls is only applicable to rental houses and not to luxury houses, thus, investors will shift from constructing rental to luxury houses to escape the rent control. Riley (2012) argued that the increment in affordability enables many people to live by themselves thus creating a shortage. Many teenagers live with their parents since they cant afford to pay higher rental prices; the lower price may change this situation. Due to the inadequacy of supply, the cap results in an opportunity cost of the increased search time (i.e. people take more time to trace a vacant house). The rent control does not improve the availability of quality housing and would be of most peoples expectations. Conclusion The rental price cap does not solve the problem of hiking rental and apartment prices; it even makes it worse. The major issue here is that market clearing cannot be achieved since it stimulates demand but on the other hand it shocks supply. The problems of allocative inefficiency still exists and equality is unachievable. Since cap rent is expected to continue even in the long run, the economy will be bad-off by then. Those who will occupy the capped rental houses will continue enjoying the benefits, but what about the future generation? The capped rental houses will be of no help to them as they will be fully occupied and there will be a shortage that will cost them dearly. The policy would only be effective if the government also came up with a policy to stimulate supply at the cap price to supplement the rental cap price policy. This would include subsidies on construction of houses and even lower taxes on building constructions. Else, the cap alone cannot improve housing afforda bility and hence it is not workable. References Butler, P. (2016). Benefit cap on social housing will leave thousands homeless, landlords warn. The Guardian. Retrieved 18 April 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/jan/26/benefit-cap-on-social-housing-will-leave-thousands-homeless-landlords-warn. E.H. (2015). Do rent controls work? Economist.com. Retrieved 17 April 2017, from https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2015/08/economist-explains-19. England, C. (2015). Here's Why a UK Rent Cap Could Make You Even Poorer. Vice.com. Retrieved 18 April 2017, from https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/would-a-rent-cap-actually-work-822. McKernan, S. (2011). Prohibitions, Price Caps, and Disclosures: A Look at State Policies and Alternative Financial Product Use (1st ed., pp. 8-10). DIANE Publishing. Niewhner-Pape, K. (2014). German Residential: Price cap will not halt demand for houses. Realestate.ipe.com. Retrieved 19 April 2017, from https://realestate.ipe.com/markets-/sectors/residential/german-residential-price-cap-will-not-halt-demand-for-houses/10004261.fullarticle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2010). Paying for biodiversity: Enhancing the cost-effectiveness of payments for ecosystem services. Paris: OECD. Pettinger, T. (2013). Would a cap on house prices work? Economicshelp.org. Retrieved 18 April 2017, from https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/9140/economics/cap-house-prices-work/. Riley, G. (2012). Unit 1 Micro: Revision on Maximum Rents in Housing. tutor2u. Retrieved 18 April 2017, from https://www.tutor2u.net/economics/blog/unit-1-micro-revision-on-maximum-rents-in-housing.