Roles and Responsibilities of PACU Nurse

Question: Examine about theRoles and Responsibilities of PACU Nurse. Answer: Presentation Filling in as a Post sedation care unit (PACU) medical caretaker can be a very testing task since it accompanies heaps of obligations and duties that must be determinedly released. So as to assist a patient with attaining a powerful recuperation after sedation, the PACU nurture has a command to altogether evaluate the patients wellbeing status; oversee affirmation; precisely play out the documentation procedure; screen the crucial signs; and built up an efficient individual consideration plan. Nonetheless, inability to do so can result into a moral and lawful discussion that may thusly influence the specialist. Having said this, I might want to unequivocally communicate that I do recollect, with a great deal of disappointment, an occurrence where a PACU nurture was blamed for quiet mistake (Hungness, et al., 2013). The test happened when the specialist neglected to play out an appropriate administration of the careful patient because of wasteful aspects in the observing of the patien ts wellbeing status, ill-advised sedation organization, conflicting documentation, and poor evaluation of the patient. Therefore, the patient endured intricacies like tachycardia, heaving, and queasiness. This was a disastrous occurrence that demonstrated that the PACU nurture had abused the essential moral and legitimate methodology that are required in a post sedation care. The infringement caused a blunder that came about into genuine postoperative wounds that made the patient to endure a lot. In this manner, to address this test, the PACU medical caretaker would have taken all the essential measures to guarantee that the patient is securely attempted through the postoperative treatment. In the event that the patient clung to the standards of security the board, the mistake may have been forestalled (Shope, et al., 2016). Which means, no such heartbreaking occurrence would have been experienced if the specialist grasped cooperation, powerful correspondence, appropriate hardware u se just as dynamic contribution of the patients family and carers. Thus, on account of such infringement, the specialist ought to be constrained to assume liability. The activity infers that the expert was less worried about the security of the patient. Something else, conscious measures could have been taken to convey quality consideration for the wellbeing of the patient. One of the moral commitments of a medical attendant is privacy. Which means, when serving a patient, the attendant has an ethical duty to save the secrecy of the patient. Here, it implies that the medical attendant should cease from sharing private and secret data about the patient to other unapproved parties including other social insurance experts, relatives, and the overall population except if in any case expressed in the law, without the assent of the patient (Badzek, Henaghan, Turner Monsen, 2013). The perception of privacy necessities infers that the human services supplier should uncover the patients private wellbeing data to the carers without looking for the endorsement of the concerned patient. It is a legitimate command for the medical attendant to look for a substantial assent of the patient before participating in such activities. Along these lines, when conveying post sedation care, the PACU medical attendant ought to be guided by the rule of privacy and regard. In thi s way, when a patient denies that classified data ought not be imparted to the carers, PACU medical caretaker ought not neglect to do as such. On the off chance that the patient is in a steady and cognizant mental express, their assessment ought to be regarded. For this situation, the carers can't gain admittance to private data identifying with the patients wellbeing. Something else, if the patient assents, the medical attendant ought to feel free to scatter private data to the carers to empower them find out much about the patients wellbeing status. This can help the carers in settling on significant choices with respect to the wellbeing plan of the patient. All things considered, the carers are dependable people who are liable for the patient (Holloway Wheeler, 2013). Be that as it may, regardless of how complex the idea of classification can be, the PACU medical attendant can wind up in a situation particularly when a need emerges to uncover the patients private data t the carers. In spite of the fact that the law is very downright on what can anyone do, specialist can regard the issue as an exemption and be prepared to unveil the patients private wellbeing data to the carers even without looking for the patients assent. This should be possible when the patient isn't fit for consenting. An unfit patient is a minor or intellectually unsound patient who can't make judicious decisions to give a substantial assent. Should this be the situation, the human services supplier is allowed to uncover the patients private data to the carers (Engel Prentice, 2013). As concerned people, the carers have the right to be furnished with sufficient data on the patient since it can help them in teaming up with the medicinal services suppliers to settle on significan t choice in regards to the wellbeing of the patient. Notwithstanding, the carers ought to guarantee that a similar data is kept hidden and not uncovered to some other unapproved parties. References Badzek, L., Henaghan, M., Turner, M., Monsen, R. (2013). Moral, legitimate, and social issues inthe interpretation of genomics into medicinal services. Diary of Nursing Scholarship, 45(1), 15-24. Engel, J., Prentice, D. (2013). The morals of interprofessional joint effort. Nursing Ethics,20(5), 437-452. Holloway, I., Wheeler, S. (2013). Subjective research in nursing and medicinal services. New York:John Wiley Sons. Hungness, E. S., et al., (2013). Correlation of perioperative results between peroralesophageal myotomy (POEM) and laparoscopic Heller myotomy. Diary ofGastrointestinal Surgery, 17(2), 228-235. Shope, B., et al., (2016). The Nurse Resident in the Pacu: Designing and Implementing aProgram to Support the Transition of New Graduate Nurses into a Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). Diary of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 31(4), e41.

Behavior Tracking Contracts, Incident Reports, and Worksheets

Conduct Tracking Contracts, Incident Reports, and Worksheets Conduct Tracking Worksheets These assistance figure out what happened not long before the unseemly conduct happened and ought to be utilized reliably in the event that you speculate a conduct issue or inability. Download/Printâ a PDF Download/Print a Word Document Useful Behavior Assessment Worksheet Theseâ forms will help structure your first gathering with the IEP group to audit their perceptions and shape the Functional Behavior Analysis (FBA.)  It is the initial move toward making a Behavior Improvement Plan, to help the understudies achievement.  The FBA should be finished before aâ behavior agreement might be executed. Download/Print a PDF Download/Print a Word Document Monday to Friday Checklist This example requires the instructor to sign every day or per half day each time the kid shows suitable conduct. There ought to be a reinforcer or compensation set up for a particular number of instructor initials.This test  behavior contract is reasonable for first to eighth grade understudies and ought to be filled in with the educator present. This arrangement requires the reinforcers and results to be listed.â Download/Print a PDFDownload/Print a Word Document Commencement to Positive Behavior Thisâ popular worksheet is put on the understudies work area. It centers around modifyingâ one conduct at once. At first the educator should remain close to the understudy and regulate it, however following a day or two, the understudy ought to be prepared to dominate.  You may need a companion you trust to screen the other understudy.  This functions admirably with youthful basic understudies, however with fourth or fifth grade understudies, in which case an educator ought to be suspicious of freeing a consistent understudy up to tormenting on the play area, and so forth. This is an incredible self-checking instrument to show a youngster to raise his/her hand and not get out. Download/Print a PDF Download/Print a Word Document Commencement to Positive Behavior (Blank) This worksheet is increasingly adaptable, since dissimilar to the above printable, this structure is clear.  You could utilize an alternate Behavior for your commencement on continuous days, exchange, or adopt a progressively adaptable strategy.  You need to begin with a solitary conduct to begin, and include practices as you go.  This may be a piece of a two dimensional methodology, as you might need to utilize the commencement for one conduct, while concentrating on different practices with a conduct contract.  In different words, you are moving the understudy to demonstrate that he has aced the getting out conduct, or the talking during guidance behavior.â Download/Print a PDF Download/Print a Word Document Practical Behavior Assessment Worksheet This specific worksheet is the thing that kicks things off! This structure would give the plan to a first gathering with your IEP group to address conduct issues.  It accommodates Antecedent, Behavior and Consequences to be watched and checked.  It makes a structure for your FBA meeting that will assist you with gathering gauge information and offer obligations regarding the BIP (Behavior Improvement Plan) and its implementation.â Download/Print a PDF Download/Print a Word Document

Argumentative Definition Essay Topics - Gets Back to Basics

Argumentative Definition Essay Topics - Gets Back to BasicsArgumentative definition essays are based on certain topic areas. You may have been asked to write on topics such as the sexual revolution, abortion, slavery, or John Milton and Dante's Paradise Lost, or on a topic that seems relatively common, such as movie posters or Harry Potter.Often, people will not be able to come up with a good answer that is based on common sense, logic, and an understanding of the world and its workings. These students will find themselves stumped by even the simplest of questions, as their knowledge base and ability to think rationally are severely lacking. Therefore, the only way to make a persuasive argument in these situations is to rely on one's knowledge and understanding of the topic at hand.Another way to help make sure that your argumentative definition essay topics are written in a logical manner is to create a list of pros and cons in order to help organize your thoughts. This will help yo u narrow down your focus and also give you a way to list and organize your thoughts so that you do not have to make too many quick mental associations. This will also help you to avoid committing the fallacy of an appeal to authority, which can cause a false and confusing association between the issue at hand and an area that are based on false knowledge.If you are given a specific argument to support, the best way to frame your arguments is to answer it completely. This means that you should first look at the source of the claim, examine it carefully, and then give an objective opinion on whether the writer is correct. You should never simply state your own opinion, because the writer cannot argue back if they are being criticized for their knowledge of the issue. In fact, if the issue in question is not supported by facts, it is better to explain why the facts do not support the argument and offer a new idea as a rebuttal.If you are writing argumentative definition essay topics, y ou should remember that it is best to avoid taking sides in any argument, as this could be considered anti-intellectual. The only time that you should ever agree with the other side is when the opposing point of view is a direct counter to the information that you have provided.Your purpose in an essay like this is to allow yourself to express yourself fully. You should never simply have a forced feeling of loyalty to a position and do everything you can to defend it, even if it is a false one. By taking the time to think carefully about every issue, you will be better equipped to come up with a well thought out argument.Keep in mind that an essay like this is intended to be a tool for argumentation, and should never be used to sound off on any argument that does not have a valid reason to be voiced. Do not write an essay defending something that you do not personally believe in, as you are being dishonest to yourself.Ultimately, the best way to develop your argumentative definition essay topics is to take the time to think and talk through each topic. Doing so will allow you to become a more skilled writer and understand more fully the type of arguments that you will be writing.

William Edward Burgardt African American Leading...

William Edward Burgardt was an African-American leading sociologist, writer, and activist (Staff, 2009). He was educated at Harvard University, as well as, other top schools (Staff, 2009). William studied with some of the best social thinkers of his time (Staff, 2009). He rose to fame with his publication of such works as Souls Black Folk that was created in 1903 (Staff, 2009). Furthermore, he was one of the founders for the NAACP, or the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, who also had their own magazine, and Dubious helped with the editing of the magazine (Staff, 2009). William was a teacher at various universities, such as: Wilberforce University, and Atlanta University as well as, a chair for the Peace information Center (Staff, 2009). Du Bois and Washington has quite the rivalry over the racial uplift. Furthermore, Brooker T. Washington was another leader of the African- American leaders of the 19th and the 20th Century (Brooker T. Washington, 2015). He w as the founder of Tuskegee University (Brooker T. Washington, 2015). Brooker put himself through school, and became a teacher (Brooker T. Washington, 2015).. However, the Tuskegee University he founded focused on training African-American s with their agricultural pursuits (Brooker T. Washington, 2015). Washington however, clashed with Du Bois over the best ways for racial uplift (Brooker T. Washington, 2015). There was quite a rivalry between Du Bois and Washington, and it was evident to

Ronald Reagan Life Span Free Essays

Introduction On Feb. 6, 1911 a child named Ronald Wilson Reagan was born in a small town, Tampico, Illinois. His parents are the late Nelle Wilson and John (â€Å"Jack†) Reagan. We will write a custom essay sample on Ronald Reagan Life Span or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ronald grew up with one brother by the name of Neil (â€Å"Moon†) Reagan. The Reagans moved quite a few times throughout Ronald’s childhood before settling down in Dixon Illinois. Although Reagan Majored in Sociology and Economics, his love was in entertainment. In 1936 he accepted a position with the radio station WHO in Des Moines, Iowa as a sports caster. Only a year later, Reagan went on to Hollywood in Los Angeles, California to establish his acting career. His acting career lasted 25 years. Reagan became known for his political abilities in 1964 when he preformed a television speech that supported Senator Barry Goldwater’s campaign for presidency. Although Goldwater lost, the speech was moving none the less. After the speech was delivered, a group of Republicans in California approached Reagan and convinced him to run in the 1966 election for the seat of governor of California. Reagan beat out Democrat Edmund G. Brown, his opponent, by nearly a million votes. In the Race for presidency in 1980 Regan’s opponent was Jimmy Carter. Carter’s nervous mannerisms were no match for Regan’s charm and public appeal. Carter’s 41% of votes was dwarfed by Reagan’s 51%. Reagan became known as â€Å"the great communicator. † Reagan became the 40th President of the United States of America. Reagan spoke out publicly against federal regulatory agencies, expensive social programs, and government bureaucracy. He was a public speaker and advocate of the middle class. However, he also thought the government had too much control and influence over businesses. Psychological Influences His father was an Irish-American. His father was a shoe salesman by trade. Reagan’s mother was Scotts-Irish. Reagan didn’t care much for his name Ronald so he went by â€Å"Dutch†, a nickname that very well could have come from his father saying he looked like a fat Dutch boy. Reagan’s mother was a huge advocate for the needy. She also supported efforts for prohibition. She thought that alcohol was a moral decay of the family fabric. This was more than likely because Reagan’s father was an alcoholic. Be that as it may, Nelle always supported Jack and never chastised him for what she classified as his â€Å"sickness†. Reagan seemed to have such an empathetic mother. She seems to be so supportive of his father as well as the rest of the family. Even though she had personal ideological disagreements with the way that Jack was living his life, Nelle had compassion and stood by Jack with emotion; showing a good moral environment for her children. Support Structure Systems Reagan was antisocial as a child and didn’t have many friends. The Reagan’s were a tightly knit unit. However, Reagan did write in his memoirs an entry along the lines of Dixon being a small town in which everyone had a sense of community for one another. It was a place where people helped others in need. This is very important because this could allude to an opinion of Reagan’s genuine concern for others. Reagan, at the age of 11, became very devout in religion. He aspired to become a Disciple of Christ and became baptized by a Disciple of Christ. Throughout his life, Reagan constantly remained vigilant in his religious endeavors. He believed in God and he believed in brotherhood. Through these two powerful belief structures, Reagan received support from within that he needed to pursue endeavors throughout his life. Neither of Reagan’s parents possessed a formal education. For this reason they were very concerned that their children did well in school. Despite Nelle and Jack’s efforts, Reagan’s interest wasn’t as much on education, as it was on sports. However, this gave him a substantial structure through his teammates on his football team. Although his educational goals gave him an early start for college and eventually for his major in economics and sociology, he also gained an important support foundation from making friends and becoming social in sports. Nelle and Jack were advocates of equal opportunity and encouraged cultural growth. On many occasions they invited Ronald’s multicultural friends into their home for social gatherings. Personality Theories Some people argue that Reagan was an Introvert merely because he was an actor previous to his career as a politician. An introvert is someone who is concerned primarily with one’s own thoughts and feelings rather than with the external environment (dictionary. com). Most people become actors because they are shy and sensitive people. They are often insecure people who find difficulties expressing themselves. Some people would argue that Reagan had script writers that aided his abilities to be so charismatic. Some Introverted People resort to acting because being onstage is an out for them and a way for them to be extroverted when they can find no other means to do so. On the contrary, many people claim that Reagan was an extrovert due to his jocularity and ability to communicate very well. Extroversion is the tendency to be sociable, active, and willing to take risks (Kowalski Western, 2005). Reagan displayed the ability to charm a crowd seemingly with no effort. Reagan was forthcoming, energetic, and open like most extroverted individuals. Extroverts tend to want to be continuously moving. Extroverts thrive on different activities, be it either physical or mental. Extroverts likewise gain their energy from their surroundings. An extrovert’s environment stimulates them greatly such as Reagan seemed to be from his. Best Match/Conclusion In 1921 a Swiss Psychoanalyst, Dr. Jung, coined the terms introvert and extrovert. He believed that people are born with these two innate attitudes. He believed that everyone possesses these two attitudes but favors one more so than the other. According to Dr. Jung’s research an introvert focuses on their feelings, emotions, and Ideas as an extrovert focuses on heavy doses of social stimulation. A research study was conducted at Berkeley and the results found online at berkeley. edu revealed that Reagan could be ranked as a disparate conservative. Other disparate conservatives that were ranked in the study with Reagan were Hitler and Mussolini. The Study believes that theses three individuals express the same traits. The traits that were observed were fear, aggression, dogmatism, intolerance of ambiguity, uncertainty, avoidance, need for cognitive closure and terror management. Many psychoanalysts associate a close relativity between extroversion with conservatives. According to Dr. Salvatore Didato, Ph. D. , Reagan is an extrovert (St. Petersburg Evening Independent 1985). By looking at Reagan’s jocular approach to his speeches and his constant drive for attention as well as combining this with the research findings of the Berkeley study, I agree. I believe that Reagan thrived on the support and attention of the public to satisfy his feelings of self fulfillment. References Introvert. Retrieved from http://dictionary. reference. om/browse/introversion on November 2, 2009. Extrovert. Retrieved from EBOOK COLLECTION: Kowalski, R. Western, D. (2005). Psychology (4th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. On November 2, 2009. Berkely. edu research study. Retreieved online November 2, 2009. http://berkeley. edu/news/media/releases/2003/07/22_politics. shtml Dr. Salvatore Didato, Ph. D. ,†Most of us are a mix of introvert and extrovert† St. Petersburg Ev ening Independent Saturday March 9, 1985 retrieved from http://news. google. com/newspapers? nid=950dat=19850311id=Ou4LAAAAIBAJsjid=X1kDAAAAIBAJpg=7075,2599676 on Nov 02, 2009. How to cite Ronald Reagan Life Span, Essays

The Metaphysical Occurrences In Macbeth Essays -

The Metaphysical Occurrences In Macbeth The Metaphysical Occurrencences In Macbeth The Three witches in the tragedy Macbeth are introduced right at the beginning of the play. They tell Macbeth three prophesies, he will be Thane of Cawdor, Thane of Glams and King. These prophesies introduce him to ideas of greatness. Macbeth will eventually follow through on killing king Duncan. This brings into the play, idea of fate and the role with which it has in the play. The witches could foretell the future, they can add temptation, and influence Macbeth, but they can not control his destiny. Macbeth creates his own anguish when he is driven by his own sense of guilt. This causes him to become insecure as to the reasons for his actions which in turn causes him to commit more murders. The witches offer great temptation, but it is in the end, each individuals' decision to fall for the appeal, or to be strong enough to resist their captivation. The witches are only responsible for the introduction of these ideas and for further forming ideas in Macbeth head, but they are not responsible for his actions throughout the play. Lady Macbeth is shown early in the play as an ambitious woman with a single purpose. She can manipulate Macbeth easily. This is shown in the line That I may pour my spirits in thine ear. (I,V, 26) Before the speech that Lady Macbeth gives in act one scene five, Macbeth is resolved not to go through with the killing of the king. However, Lady Macbeth says that it would be on his manliness and his bravery if he didn't. This then convinces Macbeth to commit regicide. Although Macbeth has the final say in whether or not to go through with the initial killing, he loves his wife and wants to make her happy. She is the dominating individual in the relationship which is shown in her soliloquy, ?This have I thought good to deliver thee, my dearest partner of greatness, that thou mightst not lose dues by rejoicing by being ignorant of what greatness is promised the. Lay it to thy heart, and Farewell.?(I, V, 7-10) Once Macbeth kills for the first time, he has no choice but to continue to cover up his wrong doings, or risk loosing everything he has worked so hard for. In the end, it all comes to Macbeth himself. Everyone is responsible for his own destiny. This is an essential theme in this tragedy. Macbeth, chooses to gamble with his soul and when he does this, it is only him who chooses to lose it. He is responsible for anything he does and must take total accountability for his actions. Macbeth is the one who made the final decision to carry out his actions. He made these final decisions and continued with the killings to cover that of King Duncan. The killing of Duncan starts an unstoppable chain of events in the play that ends with the murder of Macbeth and the suicide of Lady Macbeth. In the beginning, Macbeth had all of the qualities of an honorable gentleman who could become anything. This is all shattered when his spirit overrides his sense of honorability. Although Macbeth is warned as to the validity of the witches prophesies, he is tempted and refuses to listen to reason from Banquo. When the second set of prophesies Macbeth receives begin to show their faults Macbeth blames the witches for deceiving him with half truths. While the witches are not totally responsible for the actions of Macbeth, they are responsible for introducing the ideas to Macbeth which in turn fired up Macbeth's ambition and led to a disastrous and unnecessary chain of events. English Essays

buy custom Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn essay

buy custom Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn essay The two parties in this case are Arizona School Tuition Organization versus Winn-Post Decision. The Arizona taxpayers criticized the constitution of Arizonas tuition tax in the federal court at the district level. The criticism was because the constitution humiliated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment as it channeled money towards the private institutions that are religious but the case was given a dump and was dismissed (Shapiro, 2011). It was during the appealing that the United States court of appeal inverted case that the taxpayers stood firm in bringing forth their suit and had alleged through the establishment of the clause claim. The facts about it all were that someone who is taxpayer does not lay a stand to a foundation to seek for relief in the federal court. The assertion of the taxpayer forms a stand upon the unjustification in politics and economic matters. This case holds the facts that the Arizona taxpayers opposed the constitution that allowed for the tuition tax credit in the federal district court system (Shapiro, 2011). This was because it acted as a violator of the establishment clause of the first amendment. The program alleged of being corrupt, especially in funneling money to fund the private religious schools. The district court had to dismiss case it was during the time of appealing that the appeal court in the U.S inverted case. The legal issues held by case was about the state not holding the right to oppose a state tax credit- having an argument that the credit was against the subsidizes religious schools to violate the establishment clause just for the reason of being taxed. In that case, the respondents suit does not lie in the narrow exception to law against the taxpayer having a stand in the established flast versus Cohen, supra. The federal taxpayers had afirm stand to criticize the federal statute issuing a common treasury funding in assisting and boosting the inter alia the purchase of the religious school textbooks (Shapiro, 2011). There were to be a firm stand under the flast taxpayers that it was a must to have a link that was logic between the plaintiffs taxpayers status and the legislative enactment that was attacked, a nexus between the taxpayer and the precise nature and nurture of the constitution infringement The court had to take a stand in the federal jurisdiction. The suit was that the plaintiff must have a stand by sufficiently alleging an injury coming from the defendants against the rule of law. The courts take was that, taxpayer cannot oppose the excessive and illegal spending by the state (Shapiro, 2011). The Supreme Court identified the minimal exception to the rule in the flast versus cohen. The opinion according to Justice Kennedy was that the Arizona was to provide credits of the tax as a donation to the religious school. The Arizona Supreme Court rejected the clause establishment on the benefit of the intervention from the federal judiciary. The court was to outline that parties in search of relief must indicate their stand under the article 111 of the constitution, and the parties should be determined in the merits in the federal court. Some plaintiffs might practically show a stand based on the unswerving damage of what is considered religion establishment like a mandatory prayer in the public school classroom (Shapiro, 2011). In the majority opinions, Justice Kennedy delivered the opinion that the court held a vote of about five that the taxpayers did not have enough of Artivle111 standing to challenge the proposed scheduled program. In addition, since there was the lack of article 111, the court could not reach to appoint of questioning whether the program was to violate the establishment of the clause or not. It was after this opinion that other justices seconded his opinion. Among them were; chief Justice Roberts, Justice Scalia, Thomas, Alito, Ginsburg and Stomayor. The opinion by the justice Robert was considered more controversial and original. The opinion was that case had to be heard by the four justices before it could be presented to the courts docket, as this strengthened the function of the Supreme Courts in interpreting and applying American law. At the end, it was to reshape the court (Shapiro, 2011). The general significance of this particular case is that, despite the agreement that the Supreme Court decisions are not fungible, it is not obvious that there is a significant satisfaction to the judicial behavior has to be provided. When it comes to politics, legality and historical significance are distinguished and politically important variables based on the factor analyzing case choices of at least 15 authorities. The techniques used to find out the significant cases are analyzed critically and evaluated by having a proper comparison of their results to the list of political importance. The descriptive virtue of the new measure is found in the proportion of the significant cases by term. They also recognize opinions and their prediction, which are replica in the revision of the models and propositions analyzing the real judicial behavior. In conclusion, I support the Supreme Courts ruling .this is because the ruling favors the majority. From the opinions given, the majority accepts the ruling. The ruling of the Supreme Court is of great advantage as it protects and promotes the rights of the majority. People have their freedom and there is no violation of the rights and freedom of the citizens. Buy custom Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn essay

The Parthians as Intermediaries in the Silk Trade

The Parthians as Intermediaries in the Silk Trade The ancient Chinese invented sericulture- the production of silk fabric. They opened the silkworm cocoon to extract silk filaments, twisted the threads, and dyed the fabric they produced. Silk fabric has long been prized, and correspondingly expensive, so it was a valuable source of revenue for the Chinese, so long as they could monopolize production. Other luxury-loving people were eager to prise their secret, but the Chinese guarded it carefully, under pain of execution. Until they learned the secret, the Romans found another way to share in the profit. They manufactured silken products. The Parthians found a way to profit, too by serving as middlemen. The Chinese Monopoly on Silk Production In The Silk Trade between China and the Roman Empire at Its Height, Circa A. D. 90-130, J. Thorley argues that the Parthians (c. 200 B.C. - c. A.D. 200), serving as trading intermediaries between China and the Roman Empire, sold fancy Chinese brocades to Rome and then, using some deceit about silkworm cocoons in the Roman Empire, sold re-weavings of gauzy silk back to the Chinese. The Chinese, admittedly, lacked the technology for the weaving, but they might have been scandalized to realize they had provided the raw material. The Silk Road Prospered Although Julius Caesar may have had silk curtains made from Chinese silk, silk was in very limited supply in Rome until the time of peace and prosperity under Augustus. From the late first century to early in the second, the whole of the silk route was at peace and trade prospered as it never had before and never would again until the Mongol Empire. In Roman Imperial history, the barbarians kept pushing at the borders and clamoring to be let in. These would-be Romans had been displaced by other tribes further out. This is part of a complicated stream of events that led to the invasions of the Roman Empire by Vandals and Visigoths, nicely treated in Michael Kulikowskis The Gothic Wars. The Barbarians at the Gates Thorley says that a stream of similar border-pushing events led to the efficiently functioning silk route of the period. Nomadic tribes called the Hsiung Nu harassed the Chin dynasty (255-206 B.C.) into building the Great Wall for protection (like Hadrians Wall and the Antonine Wall in Britain were supposed to keep out the Picts). Emperor Wu Ti forced out the Hsiung Nu, so they tried to get into Turkestan. The Chinese sent forces to Turkestan and took possession of it. Once in control of Turkestan, they built trade route outposts from North China to the Tarim Basin in Chinese hands. Thwarted, the Hsiung Nu turned to their neighbors to the south and west, the Yueh-chi, driving them to the Aral Sea, where they, in turn, drove out the Scythians. The Scythians migrated to Iran and India. The Yueh-chi later followed, arriving in Sogdiana and Bactria. In the first century A.D., they migrated into Kashmir where their dynasty became known as the Kushan. Iran, to the west of the Kushan empire , came into Parthian hands after the Parthians wrested control from the Seleucids who ran the area after the death of Alexander the Great. This meant that going from west to east in about A.D. 90, the kingdoms controlling the silk route were only 4: the Romans, the Parthians, the Kushan, and the Chinese. The Parthians Become the Middlemen The Parthians persuaded the Chinese, who traveled from China, through the Kushan area of India (where they presumably paid a fee to allow them to travel through), and into Parthia, not to take their merchandise further west, making the Parthians middlemen. Thorley provides an unusual-looking list of exports from the Roman Empire that they sold to the Chinese. This is the list that contains the locally acquired silk: [G]old, silver [probably from Spain], and rare precious stones, especially the jewel that shines at night, the moonshine pearl, the chicken- frightening rhinoceros stone, corals, amber, glass, lang-kan (a kind of coral), chu-tan (cinnabar?), green jadestone, gold-embroidered rugs, and thin silk- cloth of various colours. They make gold-coloured cloth and asbestos cloth. They further have fine cloth, also called down of the water- sheep; it is made from the cocoons of wild silk-worms. They collect all kinds of fragrant substances, the juice of which they boil into storas. It wasnt until the Byzantine era that Romans really had their own silkworms. SourceThe Silk Trade between China and the Roman Empire at Its Height, Circa A. D. 90-130, by J. Thorley. Greece Rome, 2nd Ser., Vol. 18, No. 1. (Apr. 1971), pp. 71-80.

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Research Paper Example In order to improve the security as well as reducing police workload at the same time, new technological innovations have come up that are capable of improving the performance of the police. These technologies have expanded considerably and added reinforcement to frontline officers. According to statistics from the 2007 survey conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the local police departments use various technologies for different law enforcement processes. In turn, these technologies have reduced the workload of police and effort used in day-to-day activities. For instance, the criminal investigation uses 60% of technology, crime mapping and analysis (100%), dispatch (49%), information sharing (50%), and record management (79%). In addition, 90% of departments serving over 250,000 people use fingerprinting technology and two-thirds also reported to be regularly utilizing video cameras for speed, CCTV, and those in patrol cars (Roberts). The emergence of fingerprinting and crime laboratories between 1900 and 1920 has by far increased the capacity for the police to solve crimes and incarcerate the guilty offenders. Later in the years, this is what emerged to be the core of forensics (McElreath et al. 299). The driving force for the introduction of forensics was to foresee justice prevail because before, the judicial proceedings were just based on evidence coming from victim statements and coerced confessions. Forensics was the better option after jurists and criminologists were convinced that it had standards of neutrality and objectivity. In addition, forensics could add fairness and precision to investigations as a result scientists and doctors had a partnership with the police so that they could integrate solving crimes and science (McElreath et al., 300). Despite forensic taking charge a bit slowly, most police departments in the US began appreciating the results it brought

An Experience That Taught a Lesson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An Experience That Taught a Lesson - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that there are many occurrences and happenings in an individual’s life. Some of these experiences are very important and tend to leave a mark on a person’s life. These experiences tend to teach a person a lifelong lesson and have a strong impact on a person’s future decisions. The author also encountered one such experience in his school life that he will never forget. This event taught him an important lesson and molded his character and laid a strong influence on his future choices and ways. This important event took place when the narrator was in sixth grade in high school and opted for cheating to complete his work. His act was caught and the researcher learned an important lesson for his entire life. When he was in sixth grade, things were not very easy and it was difficult for him to cope up with his studies. The author was not scoring very well on his class assignments. He had decided that he would work harder fo r his next assignment to improve the overall grade. But to make things worst the researcher fell sick for one week and could not attend school. This made him lag behind in his class homework and he could not complete his homework assignment. This homework assignment was very important for the author owing to the fact that it would have laid an impact on his final result. The narrator attended school on the day when the assignment was to be submitted and he asked his best friend for help.

Cultural Differences in Nonverbal Communication Essay -- Communication

When communicating, only a small percent of the exchange is verbal. The larger part of the message is made up of body language or movements, known as nonverbal communication. The reason for people using nonverbal communication is to enhance the message they are sending to the receiver. One way nonverbal communication differs is through cultural differences. Cultural differences have a significant impact on nonverbal communication as cultures differ greatly in their nonverbal interpretations and responses. Firstly, this essay will prove how kinesics can create barriers between people as types of nonverbal cues differ amongst cultures. It will then show that paralinguistics can be based on cultural expectations and this can create stereotyping in cross-cultural communication. Turning to haptics, it will then show that different perspectives on haptics can cause problems in a cross-cultural context. Finally, it will prove that because of different cultural norms, the use of proxemics can be misinterpreted, therefore proving that cultural differences have a significant impact on nonverbal communication. Kinesics refers to the study of body movements; an understanding of kinesics across culture requires a close look at posture, movement, facial expression, eye contact, and gestures (Tyler, Kossen & Ryan 2005). Particular kinesics do not signify the same meaning for all cultures, the meaning of any kinesics depends on the culture of the expresser and the observer. Kinesics varies from culture to culture; these differences can cause barriers between people from different cultures, it can also create barriers between two countries. For example, Bill Richardson tells of a time when he went to Iraq to negotiate the release of two U.S... ...Cited Delgado, R & Kobayashi, T 2011. Proceedings of the Paralinguistic Information and its Integration in Spoken Dialogue Systems Workshop. 1st ed. Springer. Richmond, V & McCroskey, J 2011. Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relations. 7th ed. Allyn & Bacon. Knapp, M & Hall, J 2009. Communication in Human Interaction. 7th ed. Wadsworth Publishing. Laver, J, 1994. Principles of Phonetics . Cambridge University Press. Remland, M, 2008. Nonverbal Communication in Everyday Life . 3rd ed. Allyn & Bacon. Hall, E, 1990. The Hidden Dimension. Anchor. Tyler, S, Kossen, C & Ryan, C 2002, Communication: A foundation Course, Prentice Hall, Sydney. Hall, E, 1990. Understanding cultural Differences: Germans, French and Americans. Nicholas Brealey Publishing . Harper, R, 1978. Nonverbal communication: The State of the Art. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Nursing Research Problem Essay

Infections are a common cause of both morbidity and mortality in premature infants; examples of infections include necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and sepsis (infection of the bloodstream). Infections in premature infants result in prolonged ventilation, prolonged hospitalization, and higher medical costs, and can cause neurodevelopment impairment (Manzoni et al., 2009). The use of high-potency antibiotics can lead to resistant strains of bacteria and potentially damage the infant’s liver and/or kidney function. Within the past decade, research has turned from finding treatments to finding methods to reduce infections. Breastfeeding and human milk has been well supported through research to provide immunity and positive outcomes for preterm and full-term infants. Breastfeeding and human milk provides nutritional, gastrointestinal, immunological, developmental, and psychological benefits to preterm infants and plays an important role on their long-term health and development (Callen & Pinelli, 2005). The components of breastmilk that support immunity include lactoferrin, lysozymes, interferon, and sIgA antibody (Callen & Pinelli, 2005). Specifically, lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein found not only in breastmilk, but also in saliva, tears, and other bodily secretions; LF has biological functions which include immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects, and inhibits growth of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses (Yen et al., 2009). The described functions of LF support the protective role in immunity. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the effects of oral lactoferrin supplementation on reducing infections in preterm infants. Nature of Problem and Importance to Nursing Practice A nosocomial infection is described as an infection that is acquired after 48 hours of hospital admission (Rodriguez et al., 2010). In neonates,  a late-onset infection is defined as an infection obtained after the perinatal period (Manzoni et al., 2009). Nosocomial infections include infections of the gastrointestinal tract (necrotizing enterocolitis, NEC), blood stream (sepsis), and lung (pneumonia). The effects of an infection in a preterm infant can lead to â€Å"poor growth, adverse long-term neurological sequelae, increased length of hospital stay, and a substantial cost to families, hospitals, and society† (Rodriguez et al., 2010, p. 207). The risk of nosocomial infections increases with the decreasing birth weight and gestational age, and roughly 21% of very low birth-weight (VLBW) infants will encounter a late-onset infection (Stoll et al., 2002). The most common gastrointestinal infection in premature infants is NEC, affecting 2.6% to 28% of VLBW infants (Lin et al., 2005). NEC is widely considered as a multifactorial disease, with no specific pathogenesis; three major factors have been proposed: the presence of a pathogenic organism, the challenge of enteral feeding, and altered enteric mucosa integrity (Lin et al., 2005). NEC is â€Å"characterized by necrotizing injury to the intestine that requires antibiotic treatment and, in severe cases, surgical intervention† (Brooks et al., 2006, p. 347). Reduction of infections in preterm infants is of high priority and active research is being performed to find safe preventative measures, improve patient outcomes, and decrease hospital length of stay. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein found in mammalian milk and is important in innate immune host defenses (Manzoni et al., 2009). Partial digestion of LF in the stomach produces peptides called â€Å"lactoferricin† that contain more potent antimicrobial activity (Yen et al., 2009). Human colostrum contains more LF than breastmilk, saliva, tears, or other mucosa linings in the body. Studies have been performed to determine bovine or porcine LF effect on prevention of infection in mice and rat pups; conclusions showed a reduction in â€Å"the frequency of bacterial infections in the GI tract while promoting the growth of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria species, which are generally believed to be beneficial to the host† (Yen et al., 2009, p. 591). Bovine, porcine, and human LF molecules are similar, and bovine and porcine LF has been reported to show higher antimicrobial activity compared to human LF (King et al., 2007). In 2001, the US Food and Drug Administration declared bovine lactoferrin generally recognized as safe  (CFSAN, 2001). Bovine or human LF can be given as a formula additive, breastmilk additive, or given to patients by swabbing of the mouth, either actively feeding or with nil per os (NPO) statuses. Research studies have now been performed on the effects of bovine or porcine LF on prevention of infections in VLBW and preterm infants, and LF shows to be a promising agent of prevention. Evidence-based Practice Question Evidence-based practice (EBP) is defined as â€Å"a practice that involves clinical decision-making based on the best available evidence, with an emphasis on evidence from disciplined research† (Polit & Beck, 2008, p. 753). Nursing practices are changing in the NICU to include swabbing of the infants mouth with colostrum every six hours to assist in prevention of infection and improve feeding tolerance. The following question is developed to determine the outcomes of infection prevention by LF in preterm infants: Does the supplementation of LF decrease the occurrence of nosocomial infections in preterm infants? Conceptual/Theoretical Framework The studies reviewed did not mention a conceptual or theoretical framework pertaining to the relationship of the subjects investigated. A conceptual model of nursing, Levine’s Conservation Model, can be utilized in applying the methods investigated to provide care and prevention of infection in preterm infants. Levine’s Conservation Model is focused in promoting adaptation and maintaining wholeness using the principles of conservation (â€Å"Current Nursing,† 2010). The model guides the nurse to focus on the influences and responses at the organismic level and accomplish the goals of the model through the conservation of energy, structure, and personal, and social integrity (â€Å"Current Nursing,† 2010). Conservation of energy in preterm infants is necessary for appropriate growth, and is achieved by adequate rest and nutrition; fighting an infection in preterm infants results in NPO status and irritability, thus expending energy. The conservation of structural integrity means to prevent physical breakdown and  promote healing, and is the consequence of an effective immune system (â€Å"Current Nursing,† 2010). The technique of LF supplementation and its potential preventative outcome on infection helps the patient conserve energy and structural integrity. Variables and Findings Manzoni et al. (2009) performed a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial examining whether oral supplementation with bovine LF alone or in combination with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) reduces late-onset sepsis in 472 VLBW infants. The independent variable of this study is the supplementation of bovine LF or LGG and the dependent variable is the occurrence of infections in VLBW infants. The study randomly allocated infants into three groups; groups consisted of a control group (n = 168, infants supplemented with a placebo) and an experimental group (n = 153, infants given bovine LF alone and n = 151, infants given bovine LF with LGG). The main outcome measured the first episode of late-onset sepsis (sepsis occurring after 72 hours of birth); all tests were two-tailed, and P < .05 was considered statistically significant (Manzoni et al., 2009). When stratifying for birth weight, Manzoni et al. (2009) noted a significant decrease in late-onset sepsis in extremely low birth-weight (ELBW, birth-weight < 1000g) infants (P = .002 for bovine LF v. control and P = .002 for bovine LF plus LGG v. control) whereas it was not significant in infants weighing 1001 to 1500 g (P = .34 for bovine LF v. control and P = .07 in bovine LF plus LGG v. control). Overall, the results showed a significant decrease in the occurrence of infection in VLBW infants in the experimental groups versus the control group (P = .002 for bovine LF v. control and P < .001for bovine LF plus LGG v. control) (Manzoni et al., 2010). A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study examined the impact of bovine LF supplementation to bottle-fed infants (King et al., 2006). The participants included 52 infants between the age of 0-4 weeks of age, ≠¥34 weeks of gestational age, and ≠¥2000 g, and who were strictly bottle-fed. The infants were randomized in a double-blind fashion; the control group  received a small dose of bovine LF and the experimental group received a higher dose of bovine LF (King et al., 2006). The independent variable is the supplementation of the higher dose of bovine LF and the dependent variable is the impacts observed in the first year of life. The outcomes measured included diarrhea, upper respiratory infection (URI), acute otitis media (AOM), and lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). The infants were examined six times throughout the year on the measured outcomes. The results showed a significant decrease in the occurrence of LRTIs in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05) (King et al., 2006). Even though this study did not include preterm infants < 34 weeks, the effects of bovine LF are still apparent in the protection against infection. Yen et al. (2009) performed a study to examine the effects of porcine LF as a selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) regimen in neonatal mice. Transgenic mice were generated to express porcine LF; the neonatal mice fed from the transgenic mice and were then challenged with pathogens to evaluate in vivo antimicrobial activity of porcine LF (Yen et al., 2009). The control group contained mice that were fed normal milk and the experimental group contained mice that were fed the porcine LF (Yen et al., 2009). The independent variable is the transgenic mice with porcine LF supplementation and the dependent variable is the antimicrobial activity observed. The outcome measures included the growth rate of the mice pups, the state of the intestinal tract mucosa, and the circulating cytokines (Yen et al., 2009). Yen et al. (2009) concluded that the experimental group of neonatal mice showed a significant reduction of severity of illness (P < .01), a significant inhibition of microbial survival in the intestinal tract (P < .01), and a significant decrease in the number of bacteria cultured (P < .05) than in the control group. The authors proposed that porcine LF is an ideal natural SDD regimen for the prevention of nosocomial infections in critically ill patients (Yen et al., 2009). Conclusion Research has proven the high incidence of a nosocomial infection and its adverse outcomes in a preterm infant. The efforts of research have changed  to finding a method to reduce or prevent nosocomial infections in preterm infants. Human colostrum is best in supplying the infant with LF to fight infection, but other methods of supplying LF are being studied. Research has recently proven that the supplementation of bovine LF has decreased the occurrence of infections in VLBW and preterm infants. Future research should include a larger, neonatal population specifically targeting VLBW and/or ELBW infants and the effect of LF supplementation on prevention of NEC. Further studies are needed to determine the dosing, duration, and type of LF (bovine, porcine, or human) that will be most effective in the prevention of infection in preterm infants without causing adverse effects or intolerance (Venkatesh & Abrams, 2010). References Brooks, H. J. L., McConnell, M. A., Corbett, J., Buchan, G. S., Fitzpatrick, C. E., & Broadbent, R. S. (2006). Potential prophylactic value of bovine colostrum in necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates: an in vitro study on bacterial attachment, antibody levels, and cytokine production. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology, 48, 347-354. doi:10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00151.x Callen, J. & Pinelli, J. (2005). A review of the literature examining the benefits and challenges, incidence and duration, and barriers to breastfeeding in preterm infants. Advances in Neonatal Care, 5(2), 72-88. doi:10.1016/j.adnc.2004.12.003 Current Nursing. (2010). Levine’s four conservation principles. Retrieved on September 23, 2010 from http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Levine_four_conservation_princples.html King, J. C., Cummings, G. E., Guo, N., Trivedi, L, Readmond, B. X., Keane, V., †¦ de Waard, R. (2007). A double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study of bovine lactoferrin supplementation in bottle-fed infants. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 44(2), 245-251. Lin, H., Su, B., Chen, A., Lin, T., Tsai, C., Yeh, T., & Oh, W. (2005). Oral probiotics reduce the incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics, 115 (1), 1-4. doi:10.1542/peds.2004-1463 Manzoni, P., Rinaldi, M., Cattani, S., Pugni, L., Romeo, M. G., Messner, H., †¦ Farina, D. (2009). Bovine lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of late-onset sepsis in very low birth-weight neonates. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 302(13), 1421-1428. Retrieved on September 4, 2010 from http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/302/13/1421 Polit, D. E., & Beck, C. T. (2008). Nursing research generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Rodriguez, N. A., Meier, P. P., Groer, M. W., Zeller, J. M., Engstrom, J. L., & Fogg, L. (2010). A pilot study to determine the safety and feasibility of oropharyngeal administration of own mother’s colostrum to extremely low-birth-weight infants. Advances in Neonatal Care, 10(4), 206-212. Stoll, B. J., Hansen, N., Fanaroff, A. A., Wright, L. L., Carlo, W. A., Ehrenkranz, R. A., †¦ Poole, W. K. (2002). Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD neonatal research network. Pediatrics, 110(2), 285-291. Retrieved September 9, 2010 from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/110/2/285 US Food and Drug Administration, CFSAN/Office of Food Additive Safety. (2001). Agency response letter: GRAS notice (No. GRN 000077). Retrieved on September 23, 2010 from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/GenerallyRecognizedAsSafeGRAs/GRASListings/ucm154188.htm Venkatesh, M. P., & Abrams, S. A. (2010). Oral lactoferrin for the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Art. No.: CD007137 (5). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007137.pub2 Yen, C., Lin, C., Chong, K., Tsai, T., Shen, C., Lin, M., †¦ Chen, C. (2009). Lactoferrin as a natural regimen for selective decontamination of the digestive tract: recombinant porcine lactoferrin expressed in the milk of transgenic mice protects neonates from pathogenic challenge in the gastrointestinal tract. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 199, 590-598. doi:10.1086/596212

The Relationship The Joy Luck Club - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 749 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/07/03 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Joy Luck Club Essay Did you like this example? The Joy Luck Club all the characters names were: Lina St. Clair, Ying Ying, An Mei, Rose, Waverly, Lindo, Suyuan and Jing Mei (June). The first relationship is between June and Suyuan, June is Suyuans daughter, Suyuan recently died 6 months ago, in the film the Joy Luck Club found Suyuans daughters that of which she left on the side of the rode during the war and wanted them to repair their relationship. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Relationship The Joy Luck Club" essay for you Create order The next relationship is between Lindo and Waverly, Waverly is Lindos daughter, Waverly being generally successful (even when playing chess when younger) and married to Rich. Then there is An Mei and Rose, Rose is An Meis daughter, Rose is married to Ted Jordan. Then there is Ying Ying and Lena, Lena is Ying Yings daughter, Ying Ying married a cheating man and felt lost she then killed her first child in the bathtub to take the only thing that she had over him. Lena is married to Harold, Harold makes Lena pay for most things that of which she later finds unfair, Lena finds that he doesnt respect her and she ends up demanding respect. The relationship that I chose to closely analyse is between Ying Ying and Lena. This relationship is special or stands out to me because of the fact that Ying Ying killed her own child in China to spite the man she loved but grew to hate, as well as because she expects her daughter to demand what she could not. Lena being Ying Yings daughter, Ying Ying having married a man that she thought was in love with her and had his kid, soon late found out that he was a disgusting cheating man that had no respect for her. With hate in Ying Yings heart she decided to drown her first baby in order to make her husband feel pain. Ying Ying then left her Chinese husband and came to America where she married Clifford and had her daughter Lena. Clifford speaks fluent english but not chinese and Ying ying speaks fluent chinese but not english so in the movie, its found that Clifford often puts words into Ying Yings mouth. After losing her child and her marriage though, Ying ying found herself most times lost and an deep dark spells. Ying Ying puts the traits of not speaking up for herself and not demanding respect onto her daughter, Lena. In Lenas marriage she is married to a man named Harold, Harold making 7x as much as she does, makes has them go half on everything they buy even things that he buys for her or that he buys only for himself. Ying Ying then explains to Lena that she is lacking a demand for mutual respect in her relationship, the same as she did back in China. Ying Ying wishes for her daughter to take charge for what she wants and needs before it is too late, she wants her to find herself and not t o accept anyone who doesnt accept who she is. Love between Ying Ying and Lena was expressed by Lena often comforting Ying Ying when she falls into a deep sorrow spell and Ying Ying by explaining her story and that she wants better for her daughter (forcing Lena to break free from her unhappy marriage). In the movie, unlike Waverly and Junes parents, Lena didnt have her mother push her to do any skill, throughout the movie it even seemed as if Ying Ying began to give up trust in the idea that she could be a good mother to her daughter until she explains her story. With Lenas Chinese and American identities she seems to be more intact with her American side, she has an big American style house that Ying Ying addresses as lopsided and her mother doesnt like the way that her house is set up because of Chinese customs, Lena also accepts the idea of ?fair in her relationship before her mother addressed it. Two examples in the movie that reflect these customs is when the Ying Ying went into the room and began to touch things almost tipping over the table, she insults the table and labels it as useless, while Lena calls it a gift. Another example is when Ying Ying was first introduced to Lenas home and Ying Ying looked unpleased by the style, especially when seeing the list of money, Ying Ying sees it as disrespectful and looks down on it, while Lena accepted it also.